Joseph Wilton (1722–1803) was an English sculptor active in the mid to late eighteenth century, best known for church monuments and commemorative sculpture executed during the transition from Baroque-derived traditions to mature Neoclassicism in Britain.

Wilton trained in London before spending an extended and formative period in Italy, studying in Rome and Florence. His exposure to antique sculpture and contemporary Italian practice played a decisive role in shaping his style, which combines classical clarity with a restrained expressiveness suited to monumental and ecclesiastical contexts.

On returning to England, Wilton established a successful practice producing monuments characterised by balanced compositions, controlled drapery, and an avoidance of theatrical excess. His work reflects a disciplined Neoclassical idiom that favoured dignity, legibility, and architectural integration over dramatic narrative.

Wilton was a founding member of the Royal Academy and served as its Keeper, placing him at the centre of institutional efforts to professionalise and regulate artistic training in Britain. Through both his sculpture and his institutional role, he contributed significantly to the formation of late eighteenth-century English monumental style.